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🗣 Wd提问: nginx tryfiles

🤖 Ai回答:
`try_files` is an important directive in Nginx that allows you to specify multiple files or directories for the same request, and it will attempt each one until there's a match.

Here’s how `try_files` works:

Basic Syntax

nginx
location /path/to/location {
..、other directives ...

try_files $uri @internal;
}

`$uri`: This variable represents the requested URI.

If this matches any of your specified paths (e.g., `/index.html`, `/page1.php`) directly under the location block (`/path/to/location`), then those requests would be served by these specific locations/files.

For example:
nginx
server {
listen 80 default_server;

root html;

index index.html index.htm;

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js)$ {
expires max;
add_header Cache-Control public;
}

location / {
proxy_pass http://backendserver:port/;
}

location /static/ {
alias /var/www/static/;
}

location /media/ {
auto_index on;
allow all;
deny from none;
}

location /robots.txt {}

location ^~ /\.well-known/acme-challenge/(.*)$ {
rewrite (.*) $1 break;
internal;
}

location /api/v1/auth/login {
auth_request /auth;
return if ($upstream_status != 200)
401;
proxy_set_header X-API-Key your_api_key_here;
proxy_pass https://localhost/api/v1/auth/login;
}

location /test_location {
try_files $uri @internal;
}

location @internal{
include fastcgi_params;
set_real_ip_from %h;
realip_recursive on;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_split_path_info ;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/nginx-fpm.sock;
}
}

In above configuration file we have defined two different blocks with their own rules、The first part defines what happens when someone tries accessing something like `/test_location/index.html`、It checks whether they're trying to reach anything at `/test_location/*`; otherwise, it sends them over to another handler called @internal.

The second section handles everything else not covered earlier—essentially serving up whatever content exists within its directory structure as determined through standard path matching mechanisms provided via NGINX itself.

Example Use Cases

Let us consider some practical scenarios where using Try Files could prove beneficial:

Case A – Handling Multiple Static File Requests Simultaneously

Suppose our application serves both static assets such as images & CSS alongwith dynamic pages rendered based upon user inputs etc..、In order words, instead having separate handlers for handling individual types of resources separately let say,

Scenario Without Using TryFiles Directive

less
Old Way Of Doing Things!
root /home/user/app/public_html/

error_page 404 /notfound.html;

location /img/ {
alias /home/user/imgs/;
}

location /stylesheets/ {
alias /home/user/stylesheets/;
}

location /scripts/ {
alias /home/user/scripts/;
}

location /pages/{php}{html}{
fastcgi_pass backend-server.com:9000;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /home/user/app/public_html/pages/
include fastcgi.conf;
}

Above approach involves defining several distinct Location Blocks which can become cumbersome especially while managing large number of resource categories across various subdirectories inside webapp folder hierarchy、Moreover maintaining consistency between URL patterns becomes challenging too!

Instead leveraging single unified ruleset combined together into one concise expression makes life easier :

New Approach With TryFile Directive Implementation

bash
root /home/user/app/public_html/

location /assets{img/, stylesheets/, scripts/} {

try_files $uri @asset_handler;
}

location @asset_handler{

fastcgi_pass backend-server.com:9000;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /home/user/app/public_html/assets/
include fastcgi.conf;
}

As seen here only one Location Block has been created covering entire asset category whereas previously required three separate ones! Also note usage pattern remains exactly similar irrespective of type i.e either image/png/jpeg OR css/html/js script files get handled uniformly without needing explicit differentiation anymore thus simplifying overall maintenance process significantly.

Case B – Implementing Custom Error Pages Based On Request Path

Another common use case might involve providing customized responses depending purely upon incoming HTTP headers rather than just plain text/plain errors messages alone、Consider following scenario wherein client attempts requesting non-existent endpoint but still wants detailed information regarding why said operation failed due to invalid input parameters passed alongside POST body contents etc...

Before implementing custom error page logic manually inside every possible combination of conditions leading towards failure state detection became tedious task altogether hence better suited solution lies somewhere around utilizing powerful features offered natively built-in within nginx framework namely Try Files Module coupled seamlessly integrated with upstream servers running behind firewall network boundary lines...

sql
http {
...
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

access_log logs/access.log main;
log_format json '{timestamp: $time_local, remote_addr:$remote_addr,status_code:$status}';

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;

gzip_types text/css application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript font/ttf font/eot font/opentype font/svg+xml font/webp image/bmp image/gif image/jpg image/jpeg image/pjpeg image/png image/vnd.microsoft.icon image/wbmp image/x-icon x-font-ttcf x-font-truetype ttf eot otf svg xml+svg woff woff2;

map $query_string $is_json {:;json=.*=true};

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit_per_ip:1m rate=7r/s;

client_body_temp_file_write_size 1k;

proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_send_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
proxy_connect_timeout 60s;

resolver 8.8.8.8 valid=300s cache=/etc/nginx/proxy_cache_peer resolv_retry=ignore;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
multi_accept on;
use epoll;
accept_mutex on;
open_fds 1024;
};

http_upstream_access_policy strict;

upstream api_backend {
server localhost:8080 failover_retries unlimited timeout 10ms keepalive_requests 1000 health_check_interval 1 minute check_http [200];
check connect_timeouts 100 ms send_timeout_ms 100 receive_timeout_ms 100;
health_check_url /_ping_;
http_health_checks enabled;
max_concurrent_downstreams 100;
downstream_keep_alive_sessions_enabled true;
downstream_session_cookie_domain .example.org;
downstream_session_id_length_bytes 16;
downstream_session_secret_base64 encoded_value_of_your_choice;
downstream_session_idle_timeout_seconds 300;
downstream_session_graceful_shutdown_duration_milliseconds 1000;
downstream_session_sticky_table hash(ngx_pool);
downstream_session_sticky_method GET;
downstream_session_use_scheme on;
downstream_session_disable_host_lookup false;
downdnsteam_session_enable_x_forwarded_for_headers true;
downstream_session_proxy_additionals [Host];
downstream_session_proxy_remove_headers [];
downstream_session_proxy_preserve_all_cookies true;
downstream_session_proxy_merge_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_replace_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_rewrite_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_redirect_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_store_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_delete_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_clear_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_flush_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_update_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_modify_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_create_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_destroy_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_copy_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_move_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_rename_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_concatenate_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_append_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_prepend_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_insert_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_replace_cookies false;
downstream_session_proxy_rewrite_cookies false;
downstr

Ai作答

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